The Two ATEX Directives Explained

The ATEX framework comprises two complementary EU directives that together create a comprehensive system for explosion protection. Understanding the distinct roles of each directive is essential for both equipment manufacturers and employers operating facilities with explosive atmosphere hazards.

Equipment Directive 2014/34/EU

The Equipment Directive replaced the original 94/9/EC on 20 April 2016 following a two-year transition period. It applies to all equipment, protective systems, and components intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres before they are placed on the EU market.

• Who it applies to: Manufacturers (primary responsibility), authorised representatives, importers, and distributors each have defined obligations under Articles 6-12
• What it requires: Compliance with Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSRs) in Annex II, conformity assessment via modules in Annexes III-IX, CE marking with Notified Body number where applicable, EU Declaration of Conformity, and technical documentation retained for 10 years
• Certification routes: Category 1 requires EU-type examination (Module B) plus production surveillance. Category 2 requires Module B for ignition hazard aspects. Category 3 permits self-certification under Module A

Approximately 80 Notified Bodies operate across the EU, each assigned a unique four-digit identification number (e.g., 0080 for DEKRA Testing and Certification, 0081 for PTB Germany). EU-type examination certificates are valid for a maximum of 10 years.

Workplace Directive 1999/92/EC

The Workplace Directive (also known as ATEX 137 or ATEX 153 after its former numbering) establishes minimum requirements for worker protection. Unlike the Equipment Directive, it was not replaced—the 1999 version remains in force, transposed into national law by each member state.

• Who it applies to: Employers responsible for workplaces where explosive atmospheres may occur
• Key requirements: Risk assessment identifying all potential explosion hazards, zone classification of hazardous areas (Zones 0, 1, 2 for gases; Zones 20, 21, 22 for dusts), Explosion Protection Document (EPD) prepared before work commences, equipment selection matching equipment categories to zones, and worker training and instruction

How the Directives Interact

The two directives form an integrated system. Equipment manufacturers certify products under 2014/34/EU, assigning them to categories with specific zone suitability. Employers classify their workplace into zones under 1999/92/EC, then select equipment certified for those zones. This creates clear responsibilities—manufacturers ensure equipment is inherently safe for its intended zone, while employers ensure correct selection and installation.

Enforcement and Penalties

Member states enforce ATEX through market surveillance (for equipment) and workplace inspection (for facilities). Penalties vary significantly—German authorities can impose fines up to €50,000 for equipment non-compliance, while UK enforcing authorities historically prosecuted serious breaches under health and safety legislation with unlimited fines. The Netherlands has levied fines exceeding €100,000 for systematic workplace non-compliance.

Transition Provisions

Equipment certified under the old Directive 94/9/EC before 20 April 2016 could continue to be placed on the market indefinitely without re-certification, provided production remained unchanged. Certificates issued under 94/9/EC remain valid until their expiry date. New equipment or modified designs must comply with 2014/34/EU requirements.